Thế giới cổ
kim đã xảy ra nhiều sự kiện đốt sách nhưng đa phần người Việt chỉ biết
và quan tâm đến 3 vụ đốt sách: của Tần Thuỷ-Hoàng, của nhà Minh, và của
CS Hà Nội sau 30-4-1975. Có lẽ, ít ai nghĩ đến những mục
đích khác nhau của 3 sự kiện đốt sách ấy.
Tần Thuỷ-
Hoàng (259-210 TCN) đốt sách của lục quốc vì muốn standardize
hệ thống đo lường, toán pháp, công nông nghiệp... để thống nhất văn
hoá Trung quốc. Mục đích của ông ta có thể hiểu được và trong một góc độ
khách quan, việc này tạo tiền đề cho việc thống nhất Trung quốc và phát triển
văn hoá về sau. Trong khoảng thời gian ấy, Văn Lang vừa bị Thục Phán chiếm
thành nước Âu Lạc để rồi lại bị tướng Tần Triệu Đà cướp nước.
Khi Đồ Thư mang quân kéo xuống Lĩnh
Nam đánh Bách Việt thì chuyện chiến tranh là chính,
việc đốt sách, nếu như phương nam lúc ấy có sách, không ảnh
hưởng gì đến phương nam.
Nhà Minh đốt sách, phá huỷ miếu mạo tiêu
diệt xoá bỏ văn minh của kẻ thù Đại Việt để thực hiện chính sách đồng
hoá. Mục đích của Minh Thành Tổ (1360-1426) có thể hiểu được
vì phục vụ quyền lợi và lợi ích của ông ta.
Chính quyền
Hà Nội đốt sách của miền Nam sau 30-4-1975 là sự tự huỷ hoại tri thức
và văn hoá của chính đất nước mình, thực hiện chính sách ngu
dân, phục vụ quyền lợi của Cộng sản quốc tế. Mục đích này của các
vị lãnh đạo đất nước này thì ... không thể hiểu được.
Dưới đây là một danh sách tham khảo trên Wiki các vụ đốt
sách cổ kim.
1
Antiquity
1.1
Destruction of Ebla
1.2
Destruction of Mari
1.3
Destruction of Alalakh
1.4
Destruction of Ugarit
1.5 Library
of Ashurbanipal (by Babylonians, Scythians and Medes)
1.6 A scroll
written by the Hebrew prophet Jeremiah (burnt by King Jehoiakim)
1.7
Protagoras's "On the Gods" (by Athenian authorities)
1.8
Zoroastrian scriptures and Persian Royal Archives (by Alexander the Great)
1.9 Chinese
philosophy books (by Emperor Qin Shi Huang and anti-Qin rebels)
1.10 Books
of Pretended Prophecies (by Roman authorities)
1.11 Jewish
holy books (by the Seleucid monarch Antiochus IV)
1.12 Aeneid
(unsuccessfully ordered by Virgil)
1.13 Roman
history book (by the aediles)
1.14 Greek
and Latin prophetic verse (by the Emperor Augustus)
1.15 Torah scroll
(by Roman soldier)
1.16 Sorcery
scrolls (by early converts to Christianity at Ephesus)
1.17 Rabbi
Haninah ben Teradion burned with a Torah scroll (under Hadrian)
1.18 Burning
of the Torah by Apostomus (precise time and circumstances debated)
1.19 Epicurus's
book (in Paphlagonia)
1.20
Manichaean and Christian scriptures (by Diocletian)
1.21 Books
of Arianism (after Council of Nicaea)
1.22 Library
of Antioch (by Jovian)
1.23
"Unacceptable writings" (by Athanasius)
1.24 The
Sibylline books (various times)
1.25
Writings of Priscillian
1.26 Etrusca
Disciplina
1.27
Nestorius' books (by Theodosius II)
2 Middle
Ages
2.1
Patriarch Eutychius' book (by Emperor Tiberius II Constantine)
2.2 Archives
of Ctesiphon (during Arab conquest)
2.3 Japanese
books and manuscripts (during power struggle at the Imperial court)
2.4 Repeated
destruction of Alexandria libraries
2.5
Iconoclast writings (by Byzantine authorities)
2.6 Qur'anic
texts with varying wording (ordered by the 3rd Caliph, Uthman)
2.7
Competing prayer books (at Toledo)
2.8 Abelard
forced to burn his own book (at Soissons)
2.9 The
writings of Arnold of Brescia (at France and Rome)
2.10 Nalanda
University
2.11 Samanid
Dynasty Library
2.12
Buddhist writings in the Maldives (by Royal dynasty converted to Islam)
2.13
Buddhist writings in the Gangetic plains region of India (by Turk-Mongol
raiders)
2.14 Alamut
Castle
2.15
Al-Azhar
2.16
Destruction of Cathar texts (Languedoc region of France)
2.17
Maimonides' philosophy (at Montpellier)
2.18 The
Talmud (at Paris), first of many such burnings over the next centuries
2.19 Rabbi
Nachmanides' account of the Disputation of Barcelona (by Dominicans)
2.20 The
House of Wisdom library (at Baghdad)
2.21 Lollard
books and writings (By English Law)
2.22
Wycliffe's books (at Prague)
2.23
Villena's books (in Castile)
2.24 Codices
of the peoples conquered by the Aztecs (by Itzcoatl)
2.25
Gemistus Pletho's Nómoi (by Partiarch Gennadius II)
3 Early
Modern Period (from 1492 to 1650)
3.1 Library
and archives of the Novgorod Republic (by Ivan III and Ivan IV)
3.2
Decameron, Ovid and other "lewd" books (by Savonarola)
3.3 Arabic
and Hebrew books (in Andalucía)
3.4 Arabic
books and archives in Oran (by Spanish conquerors)
3.5 Catholic
theological works (by Martin Luther)
3.6 Lutheran
and other Protestant writings (in the Habsburg Netherlands)
3.7
Tyndale's New Testament (in England)
3.8 English
Monastic Libraries (during the Dissolution of the Monasteries)
3.9
Servetus's writings (burned with their author at Geneva, and also burned at
Vienne)
3.10 The
Historie of Italie (In England)
3.11 Maya
codices (by Spanish Bishop of Yucatan)
3.12 Cluny
Abbey's library (by Huguenots)
3.13
Monastic library in Utrecht (by militant Protestants)
3.14 Arabic
books in Spain (owners ordered to destroy their own books by King Philip II)
3.15
"Obscene" Maltese poetry (by the Inquisition)
3.16 Arwi
books (by Portuguese in India and Ceylon)
3.17
Bernardino de Sahagún's manuscripts on Aztec culture (by Spanish authorities)
3.18 Books
from the Bibliotheca Palatina (by Catholic troops)
3.19
Luther's Bible translation (by German Catholics)
3.20 Uriel
da Costa's book (By Jewish community and city authorities in Amsterdam)
3.21 Marco
Antonio de Dominis' writings (in Rome)
4 Early
Modern Period (from 1650 until the turn of the 19th century)
4.1 Books
burned by civil, military and ecclesiastical authorities between 1640 and 1660
(in Cromwell's England)
4.2 Socinian
and Anti-Trinitarian books (by secular and church authorities in the Dutch
Republic)
4.3 Earl of
Worcester's library (by New Model Army)
4.4 Book
criticising Puritanism (in Boston)
4.5
Manuscripts of John Amos Comenius (by anti-Swedish Polish partisans)
4.6 Quaker
books (in Boston)
4.7 Great
Fire (London)
4.8 Hobbes
books (at Oxford University)
4.9 Muslim
and Jewish books (during capture of Buda by Austrian troops)
4.10 Swedish
National Archives
4.11
Mythical (and/or mystical) writings of Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (by rabbis)
4.12
Protestant books and Bibles (by Archbishop of Salzburg)
4.13 Plays
of the John Warburton collection
4.14
Amalasunta (by Carlo Goldoni)
4.15 The
writings of Johann Christian Edelmann (by Imperial authorities in Frankfurt)
4.16 Books
that offended Qianlong Emperor
4.17
Anti-Wilhelm Tell tract (at Canton of Uri)
4.18 Books
of Voltaire (by French authorities)
4.19
Vernacular Catholic hymn books (at Mainz)
4.20 Cluny
Abbey's library (in the French Revolution)
4.21 The
Libro d'Oro (in the French-ruled Ionian Islands)
4.22
Egyptian archaeological finds (threatened burning by French scholars)
5 Industrial
Revolution period
5.1
"The Burned Book" (by Rabbi Nachman of Breslov)
5.2
Musin-Pushkin's library (In Great Moscow Fire)
5.3 Records
of the Goa Inquisition (by Portuguese colonial authorities)
5.4 Original
Library of Congress Collection (by British troops)
5.5 The Code
Napoléon (by German Nationalist students)
5.6 Early
braille books (in Paris)
5.7 Library
of St. Augustine Academy, Philadelphia (by anti-Irish rioters)
5.8 Chinese
literary works (By Anglo-French troops in Beijing)
5.9
"The Bonnie Blue Flag" (by Union General Benjamin Butler)
5.10
Libraries in Confederate cities (during Sherman's March to the Sea)
5.11 Edmond
Potonie's papers (by French Police)
5.12 Library
of Strasbourg (in German bombardment)
5.13 Library
of the Louvre (during suppression of the Paris Commune)
5.14
"Lewd" books (by Anthony Comstock and the NYSSV)
5.15
Pedigrees and books of Muslim law and theology (By the Mahdi in Sudan)
5.16 Emily
Dickinson's correspondence (on her orders)
5.17 Ivan
Bloch's research on Russian Jews (by Tsarist Russian government)
5.18 Italian
Nationalist literature (by Austrian authorities in Trieste)
5.19 Early
edition of Dubliners (by publisher)
6 World
War I and interbellum era
6.1 Leuven
University Library (by World War I German Army)
6.2 Books in
Serbian (by World War I Bulgarian Army)
6.3 Valley
of the Squinting Windows (at Delvin, Ireland)
6.4 George
Grosz's cartoons (By court order in Weimar Germany)
6.5 Irish
National Archives (in Civil War)
6.6 Plunkett
family records (in Civil War)
6.7 Jewish,
anti-Nazi and "degenerate" books (by the Nazis)
6.8 Theodore
Dreiser's works (at Warsaw, Indiana)
6.9 Works of
Goethe, Shaw, and Freud (by Metaxas dictatorship in Greece)
6.10 Pompeu
Fabra's library (by Franco's troops)
7 World
War II
7.1 Leuven
University Library (by World War II German occupation troops)
7.2 Chinese
libraries (by World War II Japanese troops)
7.3 Works in
the British Museum (by German bomber planes)
7.4 Jean
Genet's Our Lady of the Flowers (by French prison guard)
7.5 Jewish books
in Alessandria (by pro-Nazi mob)
7.6 André
Malraux's manuscript (by the Gestapo)
7.7 Various
libraries in Warsaw, Poland (during World War II)
7.8 Books in
the National Library of Serbia (by World War II German bomber planes)
7.9 Douai
Municipal Library
7.10 Books
in German libraries (by World War II Allied bomber planes)
8 Cold
War era and 1990s
8.1 The
books of Knut Hamsun (in post-World War II Norway)
8.2
Post-World War II Germany
8.3 Books in
Kurdish (in north Iran)
8.4 Comic
book burnings, 1948
8.5 Books by
Shen Congwen (by Chinese booksellers)
8.6 Judaica
collection at Birobidzhan (by Stalin)
8.7
Communist and "fellow traveller" books (by Senator McCarthy)
8.8 Memoirs
of Yrjö Leino (By Finnish government, under Soviet pressure)
8.9 Wilhelm
Reich's publications (by U.S. Food and Drug Administration)
8.10
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
8.11
University of Algiers library (by OAS)
8.12 Brazil,
military coup, 1964
8.13
Religious, Anti-Communist and Genealogy books (in the Cultural Revolution)
8.14 Siné's
Massacre (during power struggle in "Penguin Books")
8.15 Beatles
Burnings – Southern USA, 1966
8.16 Leftist
books in Chile after the 1973 coup d'état
8.17 Book
burning caused by Viet Cong in South Vietnam
8.18 Burning
of Jaffna library
8.19 The
Satanic Verses (worldwide)
8.20 Book
burnings in Croatia
8.21
National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992)
8.22
Abkhazian Research Institute of History, Language and Literature & National
Library of Abkhazia (by Georgian troops)
8.23 The
Nasir-i Khusraw Foundation in Kabul (by the Taliban regime)
8.24 Morgh-e
Amin publication house in Tehran (by Islamic extremists)
8.25
National Library of Kosovo
9 21st
century
9.1 Berkeley
book burning
9.2 Abu
Nuwas poetry (by Egyptian Ministry of Culture)
9.3 Independent
Librarians (in Cuba)
9.4 Iraq's
national library, Baghdad 2003
9.5 Harry
Potter books (in various American cities)
9.6
Inventory of Prospero's Books (by proprietors Tom Wayne and W.E. Leathem)
9.7 New
Testaments in city of Or Yehuda, Israel
9.8
Non-approved Bibles, books and music in Canton, North Carolina
9.9 Bagram
Bibles
9.10 2010–11
Florida Qur'an burning and related burnings
9.11
Operation Dark Heart, memoir by Anthony Shaffer (by the U. S. Dept. of Defense)
9.12
Gaddafi's Green Book
9.13 The
burning of the library in the Institut d'Egypte in Cairo
9.14
Suspected Colorado City incident
9.15 Qur'ans
in Afghanistan
9.16
Manuscripts in Timbuktu
9.17 Climate
change book at San Jose State University
9.18
National Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2014)
9.19 The
Hindus: An Alternative History (under court order in India)
9.20 ISIS
book burning